接种丛枝菌根真菌对柑橘不同钙剂吸收及苗木生长效应的影响

以柑橘苗为试材，分别对未接种植株、接种摩西球囊霉和幼套球囊霉的植株外施5nmol/L硝酸钙和醋酸钙，比较了三种处理下植株茎粗、株高、侵染率、根系活力和植株根系、叶片中钙和氮含量。结果表明，接种丛植菌根真菌促进植株的生长，其根系和叶片中钙元素和氮元素含量均比未接种的植株的高；施用硝酸钙的植株根系和叶片中钙、氮元素含量比施用醋酸钙的植株高。     

Response of Pinus radiata D. Don to Boron Fertilization in a Glasshouse Study

Limited information is available on the effect of slow-release boron (B) fertilizer on Pinus radiata growth and physiological properties and soil microbiological activities. A 7-month-long pot experiment was carried out under glasshouse conditions to investigate the response of Pinus radiata to different rates (0.0222, 0.0446, 0.089, and 0.178 mg B g^?1 soil), equivalent to 0, 4, 8 16, and 32 kg B ha^?1 of ulexite, a slow-release B fertilizer. Hot 0.02 M calcium chloride (CaCl₂)–extractable soil B, soil dehydrogenase activity, plant B concentration, growth, and photosynthesis were measured at the time of harvest. The B concentrations in the soil and plant organs (needles, stem, and roots) significantly increased with increasing rates of B fertilizer. The optimum B fertilizer rates of 4–8 kg B ha^?1 produced the greatest plant growth and net photosynthetic rate. However, the B rates of 16 and 32 kg B ha^?1 significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate, and the rate of 32 kg B ha^?1 significantly reduced stem diameter growth when compared to the optimum B rates. Soil dehydrogenase activity, an indicator of soil microbiological activities, was significantly reduced by B application at the rates of 16 and 32 kg ha^?1. This study confirms the narrow range between B deficiency and toxicity in a tree crop and stresses the need for selection of the optimum rate of B fertilizer application.     

Assessment of the limiting nutrients for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth using Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS)

ABSTRACT

The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) was used as a tool to assess the limiting nutrients for wheat growth. To this effect, two separate greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the limiting nutrients for wheat growth using soil samples collected from Wolmera district, Ethiopia. The experiments consisted of eight fertilizer treatments, optimum (Opt.), optimum-N (Opt-N), optimum-P (Opt-P), optimum-K (Opt-K), optimum-S (Opt-S), optimum-B (Opt-B), optimum-Zn (Opt-Zn) and control on Nitisols and six fertilizer treatments (Opt, Opt-N, Opt-P, Opt-S, Opt-B, and control) on Vertisols. In Nitisols, dry shoot weight yields were reduced by 93%, 70%, and 50% in the control, Opt-N, and Opt-P treatments, respectively. Whereas the corresponding reductions were 85%, 78%, and 42%, respectively, in Vertisols as compared to the optimum treatment. DRIS results indicated that N is the most limiting nutrient, followed by S, B, and P, while Zn was the least limiting nutrient for wheat production in the two study soils.     

Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation and Partitioning in Canola (Brassica Napus L.) In Saline Environment

ABSTRACT

Environmental stress strongly affects the fundamental processes of plant biology. This study was to investigate the growth, yield, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) assimilation and partitioning of two canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars (Qinyou 10 and Ningza 1838) under low and high soil salt-ion concentration levels (LSSC and HSSC) of 2.512 and 4.722 g kg^?1, respectively. There was no cultivar effect on agronomic traits other than the 1000-seed weight which was not affected by soil salinity. The increase of soil salt-ion concentration greatly reduced plant height, the numbers of primary branches, pods per plant or per hectare and the resultant seed yield. The C and N accumulations for whole plant and in different organs decreased significantly as soil salinity increased. The suppressive effects of high soil salinity were more strongly on C accumulation than N accumulation, and more obviously in shells and seeds than in roots, stems and leaves. As soil salinity increased, the C and N partitioning in vegetative organs of roots, stems, and leaves was enhanced greatly, while the C partitioning in shells and seeds and the N partitioning in seeds decreased significantly, suggesting an inhibition of C and N transporting from vegetative organs to reproductive organs. Our study revealed the high soil salinity profoundly suppressed canola growth and yield formation, by reducing C and N accumulations in all organs and alleviating C and N partitioning in reproductive organs.     

桉树营养状况与叶片营养诊断研究

本文研究了雷林１号桉、尾叶桉和柠檬桉一年和三年生植株养分浓度及养分积累量；叶片营养诊断的采样时间、诊断方法，并用临界值法和系统综合诊断法诊断桉树施肥“中试”区的营养状况。     

从绿茶叶中提取茶多酚的工艺方法

介绍了以绿茶叶为原料提取茶多酚的工艺方法。该工艺与传统的提取方法相比，具有工艺简便、成本低、提取率高，节省时间、溶剂和能源，无毒无污染，易于大规模工业化生产等优点     

不同地理种源翅荚木苗期光合特征的日变异规律

为研究不同地理种源翅荚木苗期光合特征的日变异规律,利用LI-6400光合测定仪于夏季末期对翅荚木苗期的光合特征进行了测定与分析.研究结果表明:(1)翅荚木各种源苗期上部叶片净光合速率日变化为"双峰"型;气孔导度除通道种源为"双峰"型外,其它种源为"单峰"型;蒸腾速率是桂林、江华、通道种源为"双峰"型,忻城、靖西、平果、融水、英德、韶关、兴义种源为"单峰"型.(2)翅荚木各种源下部叶片净光合速率的日变异规律除平果种源为"单峰"型外,其它种源为"双峰"型;气孔导度是忻城、靖西、桂林、平果、兴义种源为"单峰"型,融水、英德、韶关、江华、通道种源为"双峰"型;蒸腾速率是靖西、桂林、兴义种源为"单峰"型,忻城、平果、融水、英德、韶关、江华、通道种源为"双峰"型.(3)所有种源上部叶片和下部叶片胞间CO2浓度的日变异规律为"V"字型.(4)所有种源的上部、下部叶片以傍晚的净光合速率为全天最低,气孔导度值在全天中以傍晚时最低,胞间CO2浓度以清早为最高、下午14:00最低,蒸腾速率在全天中以傍晚时最低.(5)各种源上部叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率明显大于下部叶片的值.     

降雨在杉木和马尾松人工林养分循环中的作用

本文对杉木和马尾松林内、外雨树干茎流及迳流所含各种养分物质量进行了测定,其结果表明:林内雨的各种养分物质浓度显著地高于林外雨。林外雨的各养分物质含量是 N>Ca>K>Mg>P,杉木林内雨的各种养分物质量是 K>N>Ca>Mg>P。皆伐迹地迳流中养分流失量显著地高于林地的流失量。雨水养分含量与降雨量存在着半对数函数关系。由降雨输入的养分量显著地大于迳流输出的养分量。林内雨和树干茎流淋溶的养分量占还原养分总量的 48—53％。林内雨和树干淋溶的K、Mg、N的养分量超过凋落物归还的养分量。     

Biomass conversion factors (density and carbon concentration) by decay classes for dead wood of Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Betula spp. in boreal forests of Sweden

For estimating the amount of carbon (C) in dead wood, conversion factors from raw volume per decay class to dry weight were developed using three different classification systems for the species Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrh) in Sweden. Also the C concentration in dead wood (dry weight) was studied. About 2500 discs were collected from logs in managed forests located on 289 temporary National Forest Inventory (NFI) sample plots and in 11 strips located in preserved forests. The conversion factors were based on an extensive data compilation with a wide representation of different site-, stand-, species- and dead wood properties and were assumed to represent the population of fallen dead wood in Sweden. The density decreased significantly by decay class and the range in density for decay classes was widest for the NFI decay classification system, suggesting this to be the most suitable. The C concentration in dead wood biomass increased with increasing decay class and in average Norway spruce (P. abies) showed a lower C concentration than Scots pine (P. sylvestris). The average dead wood C store of Swedish forests was estimated to 0.85 Mg C/ha.     

Relationships between soil CO2 concentration and CO2 production, temperature, water content, and gas diffusivity: implications for field studies through sensitivity analyses

Soil CO₂ levels reflect CO₂ production and transport in soil and provide valuable information about soil CO₂ dynamics. However, extracting information from soil CO₂ profiles is often difficult because of the complexity of these profiles. In this study, we constructed a simple numerical model that simulated soil CO₂ dynamics and performed sensitivity analyses for CO₂ production rates, soil water content and temperature, and gas diffusivity at the soil surface to clarify the relationships among these parameters. Increased soil surface CO₂ flux did not always coincide with higher soil CO₂ concentrations; increased CO₂ production at shallow depths had little effect on soil CO₂ concentrations, while the opposite may be true for high levels of soil water content. Higher soil CO₂ concentration did not always coincide with greater soil surface CO₂ flux; under high soil water conditions, soil surface CO₂ flux sometimes decreased despite increased soil CO₂ concentration. Increases in soil water content did not always enhance both soil surface CO₂ flux and soil CO₂ concentration. Under high soil water conditions, increases in soil water content could lower soil surface CO₂ flux and increase soil CO₂ concentration. Increases in soil temperature resulted in greater soil surface CO₂ flux and higher soil CO₂ concentration in our simulation (extremely high temperatures were not assumed in this study). Gas diffusivity in very shallow layers did affect, albeit weakly, soil CO₂ concentration. The findings of this study may help direct future observations and aid in the interpretation of their results.